Diabetes Awareness Program | Sri Raj Memorial Hospital Balasore

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitus is a long-term condition in which the body's ability to produce or respond to insulin is impaired, causing glucose to build up in the bloodstream rather than entering cells for energy. When left unmanaged, elevated blood sugar progressively damages blood vessels and nerves — raising the risk of heart disease, kidney complications, vision loss, and foot problems. Identifying the condition early and making consistent lifestyle adjustments can significantly slow or prevent its progression.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune condition in which the body's own defences mistakenly attack the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Daily insulin therapy is essential. Onset is most common in children and young adults, though it can develop at any age.

Type 2 Diabetes

The most prevalent form, accounting for the majority of diabetes cases. The body's cells gradually become less responsive to insulin, causing glucose to accumulate. Closely associated with lifestyle factors — diet, physical activity, and body weight — and can be well-managed with appropriate treatment and sustained lifestyle changes.

Gestational Diabetes

Develops during pregnancy when hormonal changes reduce the body's sensitivity to insulin. It typically resolves after delivery, but raises the mother's long-term risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Managed through diet, regular monitoring, and occasionally insulin under medical supervision.

Causes & Risk Factors

Genetic factors and family history of diabetes
Obesity and excess body weight (especially abdominal fat)
Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle
Unhealthy diet — high sugar, refined carbohydrates, processed foods
High blood pressure (hypertension) and high cholesterol
Age above 35 — risk increases sharply after this age
Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby over 4 kg
Stress, poor sleep patterns, and mental health conditions
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in women

Warning Signs & Symptoms

⚠️ Many people with Type 2 diabetes have NO symptoms for years. If you have any risk factors, get tested immediately — early detection saves lives.

Frequent urination, especially at night (polyuria)
Excessive thirst and dry mouth (polydipsia)
Unexplained weight loss despite eating normally
Extreme fatigue and lack of energy
Blurred vision or sudden vision changes
Slow healing of cuts, wounds, or infections
Tingling, numbness, or pain in hands and feet
Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
Increased hunger even after eating (polyphagia)
Darkening of skin in neck, armpits, or groin (acanthosis nigricans)

Prevention & Healthy Living

🥦 Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Avoid sugary drinks and processed foods.

🏃 Get at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily — walking, cycling, yoga, or swimming.

⚖️ Maintain a healthy body weight. Even a 5–10% weight reduction significantly lowers diabetes risk.

🚫 Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake. Both increase insulin resistance.

🧪 Get regular blood sugar tests, especially if you are over 35 or have a family history.

😴 Sleep 7–8 hours per night. Poor sleep disrupts blood sugar regulation.

🧘 Manage stress through meditation, yoga, and adequate rest.

💊 Follow doctor’s advice if diagnosed. Consistent medication and monitoring prevent complications.

Sri Raj Memorial Hospital — Diabetes Awareness Program

Diabetes in Odisha & Balasore — By the Numbers